Re-read Valentine - Edexcel - GCSE English Literature - Question 8 - 2017 - Paper 2

In 'Valentine,' Carol Ann Duffy presents strong feelings through her unconventional approach to love by using the extended metaphor of an onion. The layers of the onion symbolize the complexities of love, which is further emphasized by the lines that blur the traditional romantic ideals, showcasing that love can be messy and multi-faceted. Duffy employs free verse, allowing for a conversational tone that makes the poem feel direct and intimate. Also, her use of visceral imagery, such as "like a knife," effectively illustrates the pain that can accompany love.

In contrast, Elizabeth Barrett Browning's 'Sonnet 43' expresses strong feelings through structured formality and a more traditional approach. The use of the Petrarchan sonnet structure includes a rhythmic quality that mimics the heartbeat, suggesting deep emotional resonance. Browning articulates her adoration with lines like "I love thee to the depth and breadth and height," reflecting an overwhelming and profound love.

Both poets use repetition effectively; while Duffy's refrain of the onion serves to ground her message about love's realities, Browning's repeated declarations intensify the sense of devotion. However, Duffy's raw and honest portrayal challenges the idealistic perspective that Browning embodies in her sonnet.

Overall, Duffy’s 'Valentine' reflects the multifaceted nature of love influenced by modern contexts, emphasizing its complexities and sometimes bitter truths, while Browning’s 'Sonnet 43' remains rooted in romantic idealism, glorifying an unwavering and earnest love.