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Explain why there were new definitions of crimes against authority in the years c1000–c1700 - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 4 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 4
Explain why there were new definitions of crimes against authority in the years c1000–c1700. You may use the following in your answer: - poaching - heresy You must... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain why there were new definitions of crimes against authority in the years c1000–c1700 - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 4 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
Poaching
Answer
Poaching emerged as a new definition of a crime against authority primarily due to the feudal system where landowners needed to protect their property and incomes. In medieval England, the nobility sought to maintain control over land and resources, thus defining poaching as a serious offense. It was seen as a challenge to the authority of landowners, who viewed it not just as an act of theft, but as a direct affront to their social order and status.
In the 13th century, for example, poaching laws became more severe, reflecting the nobility's desire to preserve their rights and privileges. As the population grew and access to common land decreased, the criminalization of poaching served as both a method of control and a means to safeguard the interests of those in power.
Step 2
Heresy
Answer
Heresy was redefined as a crime against authority during this period due to the increasing influence of the Church and its quest for religious uniformity. With the rise of different religious movements and dissenting opinions, heresy became a significant concern for both religious and political leaders.
For instance, during the late medieval period, figures like William Tyndale faced severe penalties not just for their religious beliefs, but because their actions posed a challenge to the established authority of the Church and state. The perception of heresy as a crime grew, especially during times of religious upheaval, such as the Reformation, where challenging Church doctrines was equated with challenging the political authority that supported them.
Step 3
Using Information of Your Own
Answer
Additionally, the social and economic changes of the period contributed to new definitions of criminality. As trade grew and society shifted towards a more centralized government, laws evolved to address emerging issues. For example, the growth of towns brought about concerns over urban crimes, leading to legal reforms that defined new offenses against authority, such as fraud and extortion, which were necessary to maintain order in growing settlements.
These developments reflect a broader cultural shift where maintaining authority required an adaptation in legal structures to encompass both traditional and emerging threats to societal order.