'The attitude of the authorities was the main reason for changes in the use of the death penalty in the period c1700–present.' How far do you agree? Explain your answer - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 5 - 2020 - Paper 1

The attitude of the authorities has indeed played a crucial role in shaping the use of the death penalty from 1700 to the present. This assertion can be supported by examining specific historical contexts and notable cases, such as public executions and the case of Derek Bentley.

Firstly, public executions were a reflection of the authority's stance on crime and punishment during the 18th and 19th centuries. Authorities used these events to assert their power and demonstrate social order, often drawing large crowds to witness these severe penalties. This not only deterred potential criminals but also reinforced the state’s authority, indicating a direct link between the attitudes of the authorities and the practices regarding the death penalty during this period.

Secondly, the case of Derek Bentley in the 1950s illustrates a shift in attitudes towards the death penalty. Bentley was executed for his involvement in a robbery that led to the death of a police officer, despite significant public outcry about the fairness of his trial and the morality of capital punishment. His case ultimately contributed to the end of capital punishment in the UK, reflecting changing perceptions among both the public and the authorities regarding justice and human rights.

In my view, while the attitude of the authorities was a significant factor leading to changes in the use of the death penalty, it was not the sole reason. Other elements, such as public opinion, humanitarian movements, and legal reforms, also played pivotal roles in shaping contemporary views on capital punishment. Therefore, it is essential to consider a more holistic approach when discussing the evolution of the death penalty.