Describe two features of the Eltham Ordinances - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 4 - 2018 - Paper 1

The Pilgrimage of Grace occurred due to a mixture of socio-economic and political factors. One primary cause was the inspection of the monasteries by the Crown, which instigated local unrest and anxiety among the populace, particularly in Lincolnshire. The dissolution of smaller monasteries, which often provided essential support and services, further fueled these grievances.

Moreover, the enclosure movement was a significant issue; as common land was converted into private land for grazing, many peasants found themselves disenfranchised and impoverished. This economic distress led to widespread discontent.

Also, the bad harvests during 1535 and 1536 exacerbated the situation, resulting in rising food prices and increased poverty among the people. The populace was hungry, which drew attention to their suffering, and many sought to express their grievances to the monarchy. Finally, there was a general resentment towards the central government's interference in local matters, particularly by the nobility who were often Catholic, and this unrest culminated in the Pilgrimage of Grace.

Wolsey's rise can indeed be attributed significantly to his exceptional organization skills. His ability to efficiently manage royal resources and execute royal decrees played a pivotal role in building his reputation as a competent administrator. For instance, his conduct during the expedition to France demonstrated his diplomatic acumen and organizational expertise, which won him favor with Henry VIII.

However, it is crucial to recognize that Wolsey's rise was not solely due to his organizational ability. His closeness to the king and skills in navigating the court's political landscape also contributed significantly. His role as the Royal Almoner gave him financial power and clout, which further bolstered his influence.

In conclusion, while Wolsey's organizational skills were a significant factor in his ascent, they must be viewed within the broader context of his political acumen and relationships at court.

Cromwell’s reform of the Privy Council was indeed a transformative moment in the English government, as it aimed to streamline decision-making and reduce the influence of noble factions within the government. By creating a more bureaucratic framework, Cromwell sought to centralize power and enhance the efficiency of governance.

Yet, it would be an oversimplification to label it as the most significant change. Cromwell’s reforms extended beyond just the Privy Council; he also oversaw the dissolution of the monasteries and established the Church of England's break from the Catholic Church, which had profound religious and social implications across the country.

Therefore, while the reform of the Privy Council was important, it should be seen in conjunction with his broader strategies that significantly reshaped English society and governance.