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1 (a) Describe two features of the 'Field of the Cloth of Gold' (1520) - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 1 - 2022 - Paper 1
Question 1
1 (a) Describe two features of the 'Field of the Cloth of Gold' (1520). Feature 1 (b) Explain why Cromwell made changes to government in the years 1534–40. You ma... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:1 (a) Describe two features of the 'Field of the Cloth of Gold' (1520) - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 1 - 2022 - Paper 1
Step 1
Explain why Cromwell made changes to government in the years 1534–40
Answer
Cromwell implemented significant changes to the government to streamline decision-making and redistribute power effectively.
1. The Privy Council
Cromwell reduced the number of counselors on the Privy Council from around 70 to a more manageable group. This allowed for more efficient governance by creating a smaller, more cohesive team that could make decisions more quickly and effectively. By having a select group of loyal advisors, Cromwell not only strengthened the King's control over governance but also ensured that policies aligned closely with Henry VIII's objectives.
2. The Act of Succession
The Act of Succession (1534) was crucial in establishing the legitimacy of Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn and legitimizing their offspring. This act was not just a matter of personal interest for Cromwell; it was a strategic move to reinforce the monarchy's authority against any claims from Catherine of Aragon's daughter, Mary. By enacting this law, Cromwell sought to stabilize the religious changes Henry was instituting and thereby solidified the King's position against potential political unrest.
In summary, Cromwell's changes were aimed at centralizing power and ensuring the monarchy's strength in a turbulent political landscape.
Step 2
‘The main reason why Wolsey fell from power in 1529 was opposition from the nobility.’
Answer
There are multiple facets to Wolsey's fall, and while opposition from the nobility played a significant role, it wasn’t the only factor.
1. The Boleyn Family
The rise of Anne Boleyn and her family's influence was pivotal. They were not only close to the King but also had ambitions that aligned against Wolsey's procedures. Wolsey’s inability to secure the annulment of Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon alienated Anne and her supporters, contributing to his downfall.
2. Catherine of Aragon
Catherine’s staunch support from her own allies in the aristocracy exemplified the resistance Wolsey faced. The nobility rallied around Catherine, leading to increasing tensions and clashes with Wolsey, who represented the King’s interests in annulment matters.
Despite opposition from the nobility being a significant aspect of Wolsey's fall, it must be considered alongside the intense pressure from Henry VIII and the failure to achieve his desired outcomes in a timely manner. This interplay of influences ultimately culminated in Wolsey’s loss of favor with the King and subsequent fall from power.
Step 3
‘Thomas More was the most significant opponent to the Reformation in England.’
Answer
Analyzing Thomas More's opposition to the Reformation involves understanding both his actions and the broader context.
1. Lord Chancellor
As Lord Chancellor, More actively defended the Catholic Faith during a time of religious upheaval. His position enabled him to influence policies against reformist ideologies and advocate for traditional Church practices. His book, 'Utopia,' while critical of contemporary politics, also invokes Catholic moral themes, reinforcing his commitment against reformation efforts.
2. Elizabeth Barton
Elizabeth Barton's prophecies, which were seen as threats to the King's annulment and his subsequent marriage to Anne Boleyn, exemplify the societal tensions that More navigated. More’s condemnation of those who adhered to her prophecies shows his efforts to combat the reformist tide.
In conclusion, while More was indeed a significant figure opposing the Reformation, his success was limited by the shifting political landscape and the eventual acceptance of Protestant ideas, suggesting that his influence was impactful but perhaps not as dominant as suggested.