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Explain why there were changes in the prevention of illness in the years c1700–c1900 - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 4 - 2021 - Paper 1
Question 4
Explain why there were changes in the prevention of illness in the years c1700–c1900. You may use the following in your answer: - Edward Jenner - Public Health Act... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain why there were changes in the prevention of illness in the years c1700–c1900 - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 4 - 2021 - Paper 1
Step 1
Use of Edward Jenner's Vaccination Methods
Answer
One significant change in the prevention of illness during this period was the introduction of vaccination, pioneered by Edward Jenner in 1796. Jenner discovered that cowpox could provide immunity against smallpox, leading to the development of vaccination as a key public health intervention. This action not only reduced the incidence of smallpox but also set the stage for understanding the importance of vaccines in preventing infectious diseases.
Step 2
Implementation of the Public Health Act 1875
Answer
The Public Health Act of 1875 marked a monumental change in public health policy. It mandated local authorities to improve sanitation, provide clean water, and ensure proper waste disposal. By addressing the underlying causes of illness, such as poor living conditions and inadequate hygiene, this act significantly reduced the spread of infectious diseases and improved overall public health.
Step 3
Technological and Scientific Advancements
Answer
In addition to Jenner's work and the Public Health Act, advancements in medical science and technology during this period greatly contributed to changes in illness prevention. The germ theory of disease proposed by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch provided clear evidence of how microorganisms cause diseases, leading to more effective sanitation practices and a focus on hygienic interventions in both personal and public health.
Step 4
Increased Awareness and Education
Answer
Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, there was a growing public awareness regarding health and hygiene. Campaigns to educate the population on the importance of nutrition, cleanliness, and disease prevention helped change behaviors that previously contributed to the spread of illnesses. Contagion theory, for instance, altered public perception and prompted individuals to take preventive measures.