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`There was little progress in understanding the cause of disease in the years c1250–c1700 - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 5 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 5
`There was little progress in understanding the cause of disease in the years c1250–c1700. How far do you agree? Explain your answer. You may use the following in ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:`There was little progress in understanding the cause of disease in the years c1250–c1700 - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 5 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
Use of the Great Plague in London, 1665
Answer
The Great Plague of 1665 serves as a key example where new approaches to understanding disease began to shift. While traditional views still saw imbalances in humours as the primary cause of disease, the plague brought about some new public health measures. For instance, authorities started to recognize the importance of controlling the spread of illness by ordering the killing of cats and dogs thought to be spreading the disease. This marked a transition towards a more systematic approach to tackling disease outbreaks.
Step 2
Role of Thomas Sydenham
Answer
Thomas Sydenham was a significant figure during this period, as he proposed methods to classify diseases based on their symptoms rather than their causes. His emphasis on observation in his medical practices laid the groundwork for a more scientific methodology. Sydenham's work, although still rooted in humoral theory, represented a move toward a more structured understanding of diseases and their categorization.
Step 3
Counterpoints to Progress
Answer
Despite these advancements, it is essential to recognize that the prevailing belief in the imbalance of humours remained dominant throughout this period. Physicians continued to practice bloodletting and purging well into the late 1700s, demonstrating a resistance to abandoning traditional methods. The idea that diseases were caused by miasmas or 'bad air' also persisted, showcasing a lack of understanding regarding germs and contagions.
Step 4
Conclusion
Answer
In conclusion, while there were developments in public health measures and a move towards observational science, the overall progress in understanding the causes of disease from 1250 to 1700 was incremental at best. Traditional beliefs were deeply rooted and continued to influence medical practice for many years.