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Write a narrative account analysing Egypt's relations with Israel in the years 1973–77 - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 2
Write a narrative account analysing Egypt's relations with Israel in the years 1973–77. You may use the following in your answer: • Yom Kippur War (1973) • Preside... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Write a narrative account analysing Egypt's relations with Israel in the years 1973–77 - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
Yom Kippur War (1973)
Answer
The Yom Kippur War, initiated on October 6, 1973, was a key turning point in the relations between Egypt and Israel. Egypt, under President Anwar Sadat, launched a surprise attack to reclaim territories lost during the 1967 Six-Day War, particularly the Sinai Peninsula. The conflict was characterized by heavy fighting and significant casualties on both sides.
Initially, Egyptian forces achieved substantial success, crossing the Suez Canal and capturing Israeli positions. This shift in power dynamics prompted Israel to recognize the need for diplomatic engagement. The war ultimately led to a ceasefire, emphasizing the importance of negotiations for lasting peace.
Step 2
President Sadat
Answer
Anwar Sadat emerged as a pivotal figure in fostering a new phase in Egypt-Israel relations. Following the Yom Kippur War, Sadat took bold initiatives to pursue peace. In 1977, he made a historic visit to Jerusalem, addressing the Knesset and advocating for recognition and peace between the two nations.
Sadat's approach included the willingness to negotiate directly, which was a significant departure from previous policies. His efforts culminated in the Camp David Accords in 1978, where he and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, mediated by U.S. President Jimmy Carter, outlined a framework for peace that included the return of the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt. Sadat's vision aimed at stabilizing the region and fostering economic recovery through peace, albeit leading to significant domestic and regional backlash.