Figure 9 shows a lamp connected to a d.c - Edexcel - GCSE Physics Combined Science - Question 5 - 2022 - Paper 1

To calculate the power supplied to the lamp, we can use the power formula:

$P = V \times I$

Substituting the values:

$P = 4.5 \text{ V} \times 0.3 \text{ A} = 1.35 \text{ W}$

Therefore, the power supplied to the lamp is approximately 1.4 W.

In Figure 9, there is a single lamp connected to the d.c. power supply, while in Figure 10, an identical lamp is added in parallel. This means that each lamp in Figure 10 will receive the same voltage of 4.5 V as in Figure 9.

However, because both lamps are in the circuit in Figure 10, the total current supplied by the power supply is shared between the two lamps. This can lead to each lamp being less bright than the single lamp in Figure 9 because the same power supply has to power both lamps.

Thus, the overall brightness of each lamp in Figure 10 will be lower than the brightness of the single lamp in Figure 9.

The circuit diagram should include:

• A low voltage power supply.
• Two connecting wires.
• A resistor representing the 50 cm resistance wire.
• A resistor representing another 50 cm section if needed for measurement.

Make sure to show connections clearly to represent the correct measuring setup.

Direct Current (d.c.) is the flow of electric charge in a single direction, typically produced by batteries and used in electronic devices. The voltage remains constant over time.

Alternating Current (a.c.) is the flow of electric charge that periodically reverses direction, commonly used in household power supply systems. The voltage varies with time, typically modeled as a sinusoidal wave.

The main difference is the direction of current flow and how voltage changes over time.