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Figure 9 is a diagram showing a rocket that is sent into space to try and change the path of a small asteroid - Edexcel - GCSE Physics Combined Science - Question 6 - 2020 - Paper 1

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Figure 9 is a diagram showing a rocket that is sent into space to try and change the path of a small asteroid. (i) The rocket has a mass of 5.5 × 10⁶ kg and is trav... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 9 is a diagram showing a rocket that is sent into space to try and change the path of a small asteroid - Edexcel - GCSE Physics Combined Science - Question 6 - 2020 - Paper 1

Step 1

Calculate the momentum of the rocket

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Answer

To calculate the momentum (p) of the rocket, use the formula:

p=mimesvp = m imes v

Here, the mass (m) of the rocket is 5.5 × 10⁶ kg and the velocity (v) is 14 km/s. First, convert 14 km/s to m/s:

14extkm/s=14000extm/s14 ext{ km/s} = 14000 ext{ m/s}

Now plug the values into the equation:

p=(5.5imes106extkg)imes(14000extm/s)=7.7imes1010extkgm/sp = (5.5 imes 10^6 ext{ kg}) imes (14000 ext{ m/s}) = 7.7 imes 10^{10} ext{ kg m/s}

Thus, the correct answer is A: 7.7 × 10¹⁰ kg m/s.

Step 2

Calculate the speed of the asteroid

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Answer

We know the momentum (p) of the asteroid is 7.5 × 10⁶ kg m/s and its mass (m) is 8.0 × 10⁶ kg. To find the speed (v) of the asteroid, we rearrange the momentum formula:

ightarrow v = \frac{p}{m}$$ Now substituting the given values: $$v = \frac{7.5 imes 10^6 ext{ kg m/s}}{8.0 imes 10^6 ext{ kg}} = 0.9375 ext{ m/s}$$ Therefore, the speed of the asteroid is approximately 0.94 m/s.

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