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Cyclotrons are used to accelerate particles - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 5 - 2016 - Paper 1
Question 5
Cyclotrons are used to accelerate particles. (i) Which type of field is used in a cyclotron to keep protons moving in a circle? Put a cross (✗) in the box next to ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Cyclotrons are used to accelerate particles - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 5 - 2016 - Paper 1
Step 1
Step 2
Explain how the protons accelerated in a cyclotron are used to produce radioactive isotopes.
Answer
Protons accelerated in a cyclotron are directed towards a target material. When they collide with the target, they can induce nuclear reactions that result in the formation of radioactive isotopes. This process is commonly used in nuclear medicine to produce isotopes for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic purposes.
Step 3
Suggest why neutrons cannot be accelerated in a cyclotron.
Answer
Neutrons are electrically neutral particles and do not experience the Lorentz force that acts on charged particles within a magnetic field. Consequently, neutrons cannot be directed or accelerated in a cyclotron as protons can.
Step 4
Explain why the properties of X-rays make them suitable for the treatment of cancer.
Answer
X-rays have high energy and can penetrate soft tissues while being absorbed by denser tissues such as tumors, which allows for the targeting of cancer cells. This precision minimizes damage to surrounding healthy tissues, making X-rays an effective treatment option for cancer.
Step 5
Explain the precautions that are taken to ensure the safety of both patients and radiographers exposed to radiation.
Answer
Precautions to ensure safety during X-ray procedures include:
- Lead Shields: Patients and radiographers wear lead aprons to protect against stray radiation.
- Distance: Keeping a safe distance from the X-ray source reduces exposure levels.
- Minimizing Exposure: Techniques such as using the lowest effective dose of radiation are employed.
- Protective Barriers: Using physical barriers in the radiography environment reduces radiation risk.
- Monitoring: Personnel and patient exposure to radiation is monitored using dosimeters to ensure levels remain within safe limits.