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a) Which row of the table shows these objects in the correct order of size? Put a cross (X) in the box next to your answer - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 3 - 2013 - Paper 1
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a) Which row of the table shows these objects in the correct order of size? Put a cross (X) in the box next to your answer. | | smallest ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:a) Which row of the table shows these objects in the correct order of size? Put a cross (X) in the box next to your answer - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 3 - 2013 - Paper 1
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b) Explain why the images produced by telescopes on Earth are less clear than the images produced by telescopes in space.
Answer
The images produced by telescopes on Earth are often less clear than those from space telescopes due to several factors:
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Atmospheric Disturbance: The Earth's atmosphere can distort the light from celestial objects. Variations in temperature and turbulence create visual interference (seeing conditions) that can blur images.
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Light Pollution: Telescopes on the surface are affected by light pollution from cities and artificial lights, which can overwhelm the faint light from distant stars and galaxies.
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Weather Conditions: Clouds, rain, and other weather phenomena can obstruct observations, further degrading the quality of images captured by Earth-based telescopes.
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c) Explain what these redshifts predict about the position and movement of the two galaxies.
Answer
The observation of redshift in the light from galaxies indicates that they are moving away from the observer, consistent with the expanding universe concept. The greater the redshift, the faster the galaxy is receding. This suggests that:
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Position: Galaxy 1 and Galaxy 2 are likely located at significant distances from us, as indicated by their redshifts.
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Movement: Both galaxies are receding from our position, implying they are part of a larger cosmological movement, possibly due to the universe's expansion.
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d) Describe how this process continues for stars much more massive than the Sun.
Answer
For stars much more massive than the Sun, the evolution process continues as follows:
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Formation of a Protostar: The star forms from a dense region of a nebula collapsing under gravity, creating a protostar.
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Main Sequence Stage: It enters the main sequence stage, where it fuses hydrogen into helium, remaining stable for millions of years.
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Red Giant Phase: Once hydrogen is depleted, it expands into a red supergiant, burning heavier elements.
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Supernova Explosion: Upon reaching iron in the core, fusion ceases, leading to a catastrophic collapse and subsequent supernova explosion.
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Neutron Star or Black Hole: The remnant core can become either a neutron star or, if the mass is sufficiently large, collapse further into a black hole.