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Cyclotrons and X-rays are both used in medical physics - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 5 - 2016 - Paper 1
Question 5
Cyclotrons and X-rays are both used in medical physics. (a) Cyclotrons are used to accelerate particles. (i) Which type of field is used in a cyclotron to keep pro... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Cyclotrons and X-rays are both used in medical physics - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 5 - 2016 - Paper 1
Step 1
Step 2
Explain how the protons accelerated in a cyclotron are used to produce radioactive isotopes.
Answer
Protons accelerated in a cyclotron collide with target materials, typically other atoms, resulting in nuclear reactions. These reactions can create unstable isotopes, which then decay and emit radiation. This process is essential for producing certain radioactive isotopes used in medical applications, such as PET scans and cancer treatment.
Step 3
Suggest why neutrons cannot be accelerated in a cyclotron.
Answer
Neutrons cannot be accelerated in a cyclotron because they are electrically neutral and do not experience the magnetic forces necessary for circular motion. Cyclotrons rely on the interaction of charged particles with magnetic fields to maintain their path, making them unsuitable for neutrons.
Step 4
Explain why the properties of X-rays make them suitable for the treatment of cancer.
Answer
X-rays are highly penetrating electromagnetic radiation that can pass through soft tissues but are absorbed by denser tissues like tumors. This property allows X-rays to target cancerous cells effectively. Additionally, their high energy is capable of damaging the DNA of the cancer cells, inhibiting their ability to grow and divide.
Step 5
Explain the precautions that are taken to ensure the safety of both patients and radiographers exposed to radiation.
Answer
Precautions to ensure safety include:
- Shielding: Use of lead barriers and aprons to protect patients and radiographers from exposure.
- Distance: Increasing the distance between the x-ray source and the person can reduce exposure.
- Limit Exposure Time: Reducing the duration of exposure to radiation minimizes risks.
- Monitoring: Use of dosimeters to track exposure levels for radiographers and to ensure they remain below safety limits.
- Proper Equipment Maintenance: Regular checks and maintenance of x-ray equipment to prevent malfunction and unnecessary exposure.