6 (a) Many different types of radiation are used by doctors - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 6 - 2015 - Paper 1

Radiation from radioactive sources can be dangerous to people for several reasons:

• Ionization: Radiation can ionize atoms in biological tissues, leading to cellular damage. This damage can disrupt normal cell function and potentially lead to cancer.

• DNA Damage: If ionizing radiation causes breaks in DNA strands, it can lead to mutations, which may be inherited by future generations.

• Acute Effects: High doses of radiation can lead to acute radiation syndrome, which includes symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and even death in severe cases.

• Long-term Effects: Even low doses of radiation over a prolonged period can accumulate, increasing the risk of cancer and other health issues.

To ensure safety from radioactive materials, medical staff can take the following precautions:

• Lead Shielding: Use lead aprons and shields to protect against exposure during procedures involving radiation.

• Distance: Maintain a safe distance from radiation sources whenever possible, as intensity decreases with distance.

• Time Management: Minimize the time spent near radioactive materials to reduce exposure.

• Monitoring Tools: Use dosimeters to monitor radiation exposure continuously, allowing for timely interventions if exposure limits are exceeded.

• Proper Training: Ensure all staff receive training on handling radioactive materials safely and understand emergency procedures.