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Cyclotrons and X-rays are both used in medical physics - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 5 - 2016 - Paper 1
Question 5
Cyclotrons and X-rays are both used in medical physics. (a) Cyclotrons are used to accelerate particles. (i) Which type of field is used in a cyclotron to keep pro... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Cyclotrons and X-rays are both used in medical physics - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 5 - 2016 - Paper 1
Step 1
Step 2
Explain how the protons accelerated in a cyclotron are used to produce radioactive isotopes.
Answer
Protons accelerated in a cyclotron collide with target nuclei, leading to nuclear reactions that can produce radioactive isotopes. These isotopes can then be used in various applications, including medical imaging and treatment. The process typically involves bombarding stable isotopes with the high-energy protons, resulting in the formation of radioactive isotopes that can decay and emit radiation for diagnostic purposes.
Step 3
Suggest why neutrons cannot be accelerated in a cyclotron.
Answer
Neutrons cannot be accelerated in a cyclotron because they are electrically neutral and do not experience the Lorentz force in an electric or magnetic field. Cyclotrons rely on charged particles for acceleration, making them unsuitable for neutrons.
Step 4
Explain why the properties of X-rays make them suitable for the treatment of cancer.
Answer
The properties of X-rays that make them suitable for cancer treatment include their ability to penetrate tissues and target tumor cells specifically. X-rays can kill or damage cancer cells by causing ionization of atoms within the cells, leading to cell death. Additionally, X-rays can be precisely directed at tumor sites while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue, making them effective for various cancer treatments.
Step 5
Explain the precautions that are taken to ensure the safety of both patients and radiographers exposed to radiation.
Answer
Precautions taken to ensure safety include the use of protective barriers, such as lead shields, to absorb scattered radiation. Radiographers are trained to minimize their exposure time and maintain a safe distance from the X-ray source. Patients are often provided with lead aprons to protect sensitive organs. Additionally, regular equipment maintenance is conducted to ensure that X-ray machines function correctly and safety measures are maintained.