Introduction

The differing responses of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to the murder of Duncan reveal their complex psychological states and the contrasting themes of guilt and ambition.

Macbeth's Response

Macbeth exhibits profound guilt and paranoia immediately after the act. His dialogue reveals a deep sense of fear and remorse:

• Fear and Guilt: His lament, "I am afraid to think what I have done" illustrates his immediate regret. This shows that he is haunted by his actions and is struggling with the moral implications of his crime.
• Imagery of Blood: Macbeth's reflection that not even the ocean can cleanse him of the blood is a powerful metaphor for guilt. He declares, "Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood / Clean from my hand?" indicating his belief that the act of murder has permanently stained him.

Lady Macbeth's Response

In stark contrast, Lady Macbeth displays a callous and pragmatic approach to the murder:

• Cold Indifference: She takes control of the situation by demanding Macbeth give her the daggers, saying, "Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the dead / Are but as pictures." This indicates her initial emotional detachment from the act, as she perceives the murder as a mere picture rather than a horrific reality.
• Dismissal of Guilt: She attempts to reassure Macbeth, saying, "A little water clears us of this deed: / How easy is it, then!" This illustrates her confidence in their ability to wash away their guilt, contrasting sharply with Macbeth’s tormented psyche.

Conclusion

The juxtaposition of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth's reactions underscores the theme of guilt that permeates the play. While Macbeth is consumed by it, Lady Macbeth initially appears untroubled, highlighting the psychological consequences of their ambition. As the play unfolds, however, their roles begin to reverse, with Macbeth growing increasingly desensitized to violence while Lady Macbeth succumbs to guilt, leading to tragic consequences.