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1 (a) State the Three Marks of Existence - OCR - GCSE Religious Studies - Question 1 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 1
1 (a) State the Three Marks of Existence. (b) Describe one type of suffering outlined in the First Noble Truth. (c) Outline the meaning of the term kamma. (d) Exp... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:1 (a) State the Three Marks of Existence - OCR - GCSE Religious Studies - Question 1 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
State the Three Marks of Existence.
Answer
The Three Marks of Existence in Buddhism are:
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Anicca (Impermanence): This principle asserts that all things are in a constant state of flux. Everything that exists is subject to change, emphasizing that nothing is permanent.
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Dukkha (Suffering): This concept acknowledges that existence is inherently unsatisfactory. Even pleasurable experiences are temporary and can lead to suffering due to attachment.
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Anatta (No-Self): This teaching states that there is no permanent, unchanging self or soul in living beings. The notion of a fixed identity is an illusion, and understanding this leads to liberation.
Step 2
Describe one type of suffering outlined in the First Noble Truth.
Answer
One type of suffering outlined in the First Noble Truth is Dukkha-dukkha, which refers to ordinary pain and suffering. This includes physical pain such as illness and injury, as well as emotional suffering like grief and disappointment. It encompasses the basic suffering inherent in life, highlighting the inevitable discomforts that come with physical and mental existence.
Step 3
Outline the meaning of the term kamma.
Answer
The term kamma (or karma) in Buddhism refers to the law of moral causation. It signifies that every action has consequences, which can manifest in this life or future rebirths. Good deeds lead to positive outcomes, while harmful actions result in negative consequences. This concept emphasizes the importance of ethical conduct and the impact of one’s choices on future experiences.
Step 4
Explain why some Buddhists believe that the Four Sights are important in the life of the Buddha.
Answer
The Four Sights are significant in the life of the Buddha as they represent key revelations that prompted Siddhartha Gautama’s journey towards enlightenment.
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An Old Man: This sight made Siddhartha realize the inevitability of aging.
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A Sick Person: He understood that everyone suffers from illness, leading to reflection on the nature of suffering.
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A Corpse: This exposed him to the concept of death, emphasizing mortality and the transient nature of life.
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A Recluse: This sight inspired him to seek a way to transcend suffering.
Together, these sights catalyzed his quest for understanding and ultimately led him to propound the teachings of Buddhism.
Step 5
'Overcoming craving is the goal for all Buddhists.' Discuss this statement.
Answer
The statement emphasizes a central tenet of Buddhism: that craving (tanha) is the root cause of suffering. Overcoming craving involves recognizing and letting go of attachments that lead to dissatisfaction.
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Analysis of Points of View: Many Buddhists view overcoming craving as essential for attaining Nirvana, a state of liberation from suffering. Different schools of Buddhism may interpret craving and its overcoming in varied ways, with some placing more emphasis on ascetic practices while others adopt a more moderate lifestyle.
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Common and Divergent Views: While all traditions acknowledge craving as a source of suffering, interpretations vary regarding how to best address it. Some may focus on meditation and mindfulness, while others may advocate for ethical living and community support.
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Sources of Wisdom and Authority: Texts such as the Pali Canon provide insights into the importance of overcoming craving. Esteemed figures in Buddhism, like the Dalai Lama, advocate for understanding the nature of desire as part of this process. Their teachings often focus on cultivating compassion and wisdom to combat craving effectively.
Therefore, the process of overcoming craving is indeed seen as crucial for Buddhists on their path to enlightenment, fostering both personal and communal well-being.