Religion, peace and conflict (a) Describe one Christian teaching about the use of violence - OCR - GCSE Religious Studies - Question 3 - 2021 - Paper 1

Christians exhibit varying attitudes to pacifism due to differences in interpretation of biblical teachings and the application of one’s faith in a real-world context. For some, like Quakers, pacifism is central, rooted in Christ's teachings of loving one's enemies and rejecting violence. Others reference Just War Theory, which acknowledges that while war is regrettable, it can be justified under certain conditions, such as protection against oppression or injustice. Moreover, the historical and cultural context of a Christian's upbringing can significantly influence their perspective on the need for militants versus a peaceful approach.

The assertion that 'Just War theory is out of date' prompts a critical evaluation of the relevance of traditional war ethics in contemporary conflict scenarios. Just War Theory, which outlines conditions under which war can be justified, including proportionality and distinction between combatants and non-combatants, has been subject to critique, especially in light of modern warfare's complexity and the rise of non-state actors. Proponents argue that it remains relevant as a framework for ethical military engagement, while critics highlight its limitations in addressing modern humanitarian crises and the increasing call for pacifism in light of Christ's teachings. Thus, the theory's application in today's world raises essential questions about moral responsibility and the effectiveness of military intervention in achieving lasting peace.