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Attempt either A or B - Scottish Highers Biology - Question 16 - 2022
Question 16
Attempt either A or B. Write your answer in the space below and on pages 30 and 31. A Write notes on metabolism under the following headings: (i) features of metab... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Attempt either A or B - Scottish Highers Biology - Question 16 - 2022
Step 1
features of metabolic pathways and types of reactions:
Answer
Metabolic pathways are integrated series of biochemical reactions that transform a substrate through a series of intermediates into a product. They can be categorized as follows:
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Controlled/catalyzed by enzymes: Each step in a metabolic pathway is facilitated by specific enzymes, ensuring pathways proceed efficiently.
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Reversible and irreversible steps: Some reactions can go in both directions (reversible), while others proceed in one direction only (irreversible).
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Alternative routes: Metabolic pathways often have branches that allow for alternate pathways to occur, ensuring flexibility in metabolism.
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Anabolism and Catabolism:
- Anabolism is the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy (ATP).
- Catabolism involves breaking down larger molecules into smaller units, releasing energy and ATP.
Step 2
roles of proteins embedded in membranes of cells:
Answer
Proteins embedded in cellular membranes perform several essential functions:
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Transport: Some membrane proteins act as pumps, actively transporting ions or particles across the membrane.
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Enzymatic activity: Certain proteins function as enzymes, accelerating biochemical reactions at the membrane surface.
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Structural roles: Membrane proteins can form pores that selectively allow substances to enter or exit the cell.