Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 9 - 2018
Question 9
Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene.
(a) The flow chart of an industrial process to produce ethane-1,2-diol is shown.
(i) Industrial processes are designed to ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 9 - 2018
Step 1
Using the flowchart, suggest two ways to maximise profit in this industrial process.
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Answer
Recycle (waste) gases to minimize the cost and maximize the reactants' efficiency.
Use a catalyst to increase the reaction rate and reduce energy requirements, thereby lowering operational costs.
Step 2
Name the process used in Separator 2 to separate ethane-1,2-diol from the larger liquid by-products.
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Fractional distillation.
Step 3
Explain fully why ethane-1,2-diol is more viscous than propan-1-ol.
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Ethane-1,2-diol has two hydroxyl (-OH) groups compared to the one hydroxyl group in propan-1-ol. The presence of more -OH groups allows for stronger hydrogen bonding between ethane-1,2-diol molecules, resulting in higher viscosity due to the increased interaction and resistance to flow.
Step 4
Draw a structural formula for a diol that contains three carbon atoms.
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The structural formula for a diol with three carbon atoms can be represented as follows:
HO-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3
This structure shows two hydroxyl groups attached to a three-carbon backbone.
Step 5
Describe the procedure which should be used to prepare 100 cm³ of the 20% ethanol solution.
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Use a pipette to measure exactly 20 cm³ of ethanol.
Transfer the measured ethanol into a 100 cm³ volumetric flask.
Add distilled water gradually until the total volume of the solution reaches 100 cm³. Ensure the bottom of the meniscus is at the mark for accuracy.
Step 6
Calculate the total volume, in cm³, of the 20% ethanol solution needed to treat a 3-5 kg animal.
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Answer
To treat a 3-5 kg animal with a dosage of 5 cm³ per kg, the total volume needed would be:
For 3 kg:
3 kg × 5 cm³/kg = 15 cm³
For 5 kg:
5 kg × 5 cm³/kg = 25 cm³
Thus, the total volume required is between 15 cm³ and 25 cm³.
Step 7
Draw a structural formula for another possible product of oxidation of ethane-1,2-diol.
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One possible product of oxidation is glycolic acid, represented as:
HO-CH2-COOH
This structure features a hydroxyl group and a carboxylic acid group.
Step 8
Give a formula for sodium glycolate.
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The formula for sodium glycolate is NaC2H3O3.
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