Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 9 - 2018
Question 9
Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene.
(a) The flow chart of an industrial process to produce ethane-1,2-diol is shown.
(i) Industrial processes are designed to ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 9 - 2018
Step 1
Using the flowchart, suggest two ways to maximise profit in this industrial process.
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Answer
Recycle (or recover) waste gases to minimize raw material costs.
Use a catalyst to increase the reaction rate, thereby reducing time and costs.
Step 2
Name the process used in Separator 2 to separate ethane-1,2-diol from the larger liquid by-products.
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Answer
Fractional distillation.
Step 3
Explain fully why ethane-1,2-diol is more viscous than propan-1-ol.
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Ethane-1,2-diol contains two hydroxyl (-OH) groups, which lead to a greater capacity for hydrogen bonding compared to propan-1-ol, which has only one hydroxyl group. The stronger intermolecular forces increase the viscosity of ethane-1,2-diol, making it thicker and harder to flow than propan-1-ol.
Step 4
Draw a structural formula for a diol that contains three carbon atoms.
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A possible structure is:
H H H
| | |
H-C - C - C - OH
| | |
OH OH H
This represents propane-1,2-diol.
Step 5
Describe the procedure which should be used to prepare 100 cm³ of the 20% ethanol solution.
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Use a pipette to measure exactly 20 cm³ of ethanol.
Transfer the ethanol into a 100 cm³ volumetric flask.
Add distilled water to the flask until the total volume reaches 100 cm³.
Stopper the flask and invert several times to mix the solution thoroughly.
Step 6
Calculate the total volume, in cm³, of the 20% ethanol solution needed to treat a 3-5 kg animal.
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For a 3-5 kg animal:
Total volume = weight (kg) × 5 cm³ = 3 kg × 5 cm³ = 15 cm³ to 5 kg × 5 cm³ = 25 cm³.
Therefore, the total volume required ranges from 15 cm³ to 25 cm³.
Step 7
Draw a structural formula for another possible product of oxidation of ethane-1,2-diol.
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A possible product is:
H O H
| || |
H-C - C - C - OH
| | |
H H H
This represents propane-1,2-dione.
Step 8
Give a formula for sodium glycolate.
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The formula for sodium glycocate is:
NaC₂H₃O₃.
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