6. Skin creams contain many different chemicals - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 6 - 2018
Question 6
6. Skin creams contain many different chemicals.
(a) Retinol (vitamin A) promotes cell regeneration.
One method of supplying retinol to the skin is by using a skin ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:6. Skin creams contain many different chemicals - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 6 - 2018
Step 1
Name the type of reaction that occurs when retinyl palmitate is broken down to form retinol.
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Answer
The type of reaction that occurs is hydrolysis. This process involves the breaking of bonds in retinyl palmitate through the addition of water.
Step 2
Write a molecular formula for retinol.
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The molecular formula for retinol is C20H30O.
Step 3
Describe how free radicals are formed.
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Free radicals are formed through the bond breaking of molecules, commonly due to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light or other forms of ionizing radiation. This process involves the dissociation of a molecule, which leaves unpaired electrons, thus creating active radicals.
Step 4
State the name given to this step in the chain reaction.
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This step in the chain reaction is called propagation.
Step 5
State how free radical scavengers prevent further chain reactions.
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Free radical scavengers can react with free radicals to form stable molecules, effectively terminating the chain reaction. Additionally, they can donate electrons to free radicals, reducing their reactivity.
Step 6
Circle a peptide link in the above structure.
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A peptide link (CONH) can be identified in the structure of palmitoyl pentapeptide-4. This is where two amino acids are linked together through a carbonyl group and an amine group.
Step 7
Draw a structural formula for the amino acid serine.
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The structural formula for serine is:
H OH
| |
H2N-C- C
| |
H H
In this formula, the amino group (–NH2) and hydroxyl group (–OH) are attached to the central carbon atom.
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