Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 9 - 2018
Question 9
Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene.
(a) The flow chart of an industrial process to produce ethane-1,2-diol is shown.
(i) Industrial processes are designed to m... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 9 - 2018
Step 1
Using the flowchart, suggest two ways to maximise profit in this industrial process.
96%
114 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
Recycle (waste) gases back into the process to improve yield.
Use a catalyst to increase the reaction rate, thereby reducing time and energy costs.
Step 2
Name the process used in Separator 2 to separate ethane-1,2-diol from the larger liquid by-products.
99%
104 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
The process is fractional distillation.
Step 3
Explain fully why ethane-1,2-diol is more viscous than propan-1-ol.
96%
101 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
Ethane-1,2-diol has a greater number of hydroxyl (-OH) groups compared to propan-1-ol, leading to more extensive hydrogen bonding between molecules. This increased intermolecular attraction requires more energy to overcome, resulting in higher viscosity.
Step 4
Draw a structural formula for a diol that contains three carbon atoms.
98%
120 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
Here is one possible structural formula for a three-carbon diol:
HO-CH₂-CH-CH₂-OH
or simplified as:
CH₂(OH)-CHOH-CH₂OH
Step 5
Describe the procedure that should be used to prepare 100 cm³ of the 20% ethanol solution.
97%
117 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
Measure 20 cm³ of ethanol using a pipette.
Transfer the measured ethanol into a 100 cm³ volumetric flask.
Add distilled water to the flask gradually until the total volume reaches exactly 100 cm³.
Step 6
Calculate the total volume, in cm³, of the 20% ethanol solution needed to treat a 3-5 kg animal.
97%
121 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
For a 3-5 kg animal:
Calculate the total ethanol solution needed per dose:
Volume per dose = 5 cm³/kg × mass of animal (kg)
If mass = 5 kg, then:
Volume per dose = 5 cm³/kg × 5 kg = 25 cm³
Total doses required = 9 doses.
Total volume needed = 9 doses × 25 cm³ = 225 cm³.
Step 7
Draw a structural formula for another possible product of oxidation of ethane-1,2-diol.
96%
114 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
One possible product is glycolic acid, represented as:
HO-CH(OH)-COOH
Step 8
Give a formula for sodium glycolate.
99%
104 rated
Only available for registered users.
Sign up now to view full answer, or log in if you already have an account!
Answer
The formula for sodium glycolate is NaC₂H₃O₃.
Join the Scottish Highers students using SimpleStudy...
