7. Terpenes consist of joined isoprene units (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 7 - 2018
Question 7
7. Terpenes consist of joined isoprene units (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene). They are classified by the number of isoprene units in the molecule.
(a) Myrcene and humulene... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:7. Terpenes consist of joined isoprene units (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 7 - 2018
Step 1
Circle an isoprene unit on the myrcene structure below.
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Answer
The isoprene unit in the myrcene structure can be identified and circled. An isoprene unit is characterized by the presence of a branched structure with five carbon atoms and a double bond: C5H8.
Step 2
Name the class of terpene to which humulene belongs.
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Answer
Humulene belongs to the class of terpenes known as 'sesquiterpenes', which contain three isoprene units.
Step 3
Calculate the mass of squalene required to produce a batch of 500,000 doses of flu vaccine.
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Answer
To find the mass of squalene required for 500,000 doses:
Volume of squalene for 1 dose = 10.69 mg
Total for 500,000 doses = 10.69 mg × 500,000 doses = 5,345,000 mg
State the number of moles of hydrogen needed to fully saturate one mole of squalene to produce one mole of squalane.
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To fully saturate one mole of squalene, 6 moles of hydrogen are required, as squalene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Step 5
Name the type of reaction taking place.
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The reaction taking place is an 'addition reaction', where the limonene is converted to terpineol through the addition of hydroxyl (OH) groups.
Step 6
Explain why no reaction takes place.
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When terpineol is heated with copper(II) oxide, no reaction takes place because terpineol is a tertiary alcohol and cannot be oxidized under these conditions.
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