7. Terpenes consist of joined isoprene units (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 7 - 2018
Question 7
7. Terpenes consist of joined isoprene units (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene). They are classified by the number of isoprene units in the molecule.
(a) Myrcene and humulene... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:7. Terpenes consist of joined isoprene units (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 7 - 2018
Step 1
(a) (i) Circle an isoprene unit on the myrcene structure below.
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Answer
An isoprene unit can be identified by looking for the repeating structure of 5 carbon atoms with 8 hydrogen atoms, typically represented as:
H2C H
| |
H2C=C C-H
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CH2 CH3
Circle this portion in the provided myrcene structure.
Step 2
(a) (ii) Humulene has the molecular formula C15H24. Name the class of terpene to which humulene belongs.
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Humulene belongs to the class of terpenes known as sesquiterpenes, which are characterized by having three isoprene units.
Step 3
(b) (i) Calculate the mass of squalene required to produce a batch of 500,000 doses of flu vaccine.
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Answer
To find the total mass of squalene required:
Convert the amount per dose to grams:
10.69extmg=0.01069extg
Multiply by the number of doses:
extTotalmass=0.01069extg×500,000=5345extg
Convert grams to kilograms:
5345extg=5.345extkg
Step 4
(b) (ii) State the number of moles of hydrogen needed to fully saturate one mole of squalene to produce one mole of squalane.
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To fully saturate one mole of squalene, 6 moles of hydrogen are needed.
Step 5
(c) (i) Name the type of reaction taking place.
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The reaction taking place is an addition reaction, where hydrogen is added to the double bonds in limonene.
Step 6
(c) (ii) When terpineol is heated with copper(II) oxide, no reaction takes place. Explain why no reaction takes place.
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No reaction takes place because terpineol is a tertiary alcohol, which cannot be oxidized due to the lack of hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group.
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