9. Dishwasher tablets contain chemicals which remove dirt from dishes - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 9 - 2017
Question 9
9. Dishwasher tablets contain chemicals which remove dirt from dishes.
(a) Dishwasher tablets include detergents. These molecules act like soaps to allow mixing of ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:9. Dishwasher tablets contain chemicals which remove dirt from dishes - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 9 - 2017
Step 1
Complete the diagram below to show how detergent molecules combine with fat-soluble dirt.
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Answer
In the diagram, you would need to show how the hydrophobic tails of the detergent molecules effectively surround and interact with the fat-soluble dirt. The ionic heads of the detergent should be drawn pointing outward towards the water, while the tails should be integrated into the fat-soluble dirt, illustrating the combination of these two entities.
Step 2
Suggest another action of the bleach produced by the dishwasher tablets.
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Answer
Another action of the bleach produced by the dishwasher tablets is to break down colored compounds or remove stains, effectively disinfecting surfaces as it kills bacteria and inactivates viruses and germs.
Step 3
Calculate the volume of oxygen gas that would be produced when 0.051 g of hydrogen peroxide decomposes.
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Answer
To calculate the volume of oxygen produced:
Find the number of moles of hydrogen peroxide:
n = rac{mass}{molar ext{ mass}} = rac{0.051 g}{34 g/mol} = 0.0015 mol
Use the stoichiometry of the reaction where 2 moles of H₂O₂ produce 1 mole of O₂. Thus,
n(O_2) = rac{1}{2} * n(H_2O_2) = rac{1}{2} * 0.0015 mol = 0.00075 mol
Convert moles of O₂ to volume, using the ideal gas volume at standard conditions (24 L):
V=n∗24L=0.00075mol∗24L/mol=0.018L
Therefore, the volume of oxygen gas produced is 0.018 litres.
Step 4
Name the small, water-soluble molecules made when proteins are broken down completely.
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Answer
The small, water-soluble molecules produced when proteins are completely broken down are called amino acids.
Step 5
Name the functional group circled.
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The circled functional group is an amine functional group.
Step 6
Draw a structural formula for one of the molecules that would be made when this section of egg white protein chain is completely broken down.
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One of the molecules that can be formed is the amino acid cysteine, represented structurally as:
HOOC-CH(NH2)-CH2-CH(SH)-CH3
This represents the complete structure with the amino group, carboxyl group, and the side chain containing the thiol (–SH) group.
Step 7
State the term used to describe the change in shape of enzyme molecules.
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The term used to describe the change in shape of enzyme molecules is denaturation.
Step 8
Suggest a change in conditions which would cause the enzyme molecules to change shape.
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One change in conditions that can cause enzyme molecules to change shape is an increase in temperature, beyond the enzyme's optimum temperature or changes in pH levels.
Step 9
Suggest a name for this type of reaction.
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This type of reaction is called a condensation reaction, as it involves the formation of a bond with the elimination of a small molecule, typically water.
Step 10
Draw a structural formula for TAED.
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The structural formula for TAED can be represented as follows:
CH3
|
HOOC-N-CH2-CH2-N-CO-O-CH3
|
CH3
This illustrates the molecular configuration, including the carboxylic acid and amide linkages characteristic of TAED.
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