6. Skin creams contain many different chemicals - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 6 - 2018
Question 6
6. Skin creams contain many different chemicals.
(a) Retinol (vitamin A) promotes cell regeneration.
One method of supplying retinol to the skin is by using a skin ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:6. Skin creams contain many different chemicals - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 6 - 2018
Step 1
Name the type of reaction that occurs when retinyl palmitate is broken down to form retinol.
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Answer
The type of reaction that occurs when retinyl palmitate is broken down to form retinol is known as hydrolysis. This reaction typically involves the addition of water, resulting in the cleavage of chemical bonds.
Step 2
Write a molecular formula for retinol.
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The molecular formula for retinol is C20H30O.
Step 3
Describe how free radicals are formed.
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Free radicals are formed through several processes, including the breaking of chemical bonds due to energy sources such as UV radiation or chemical reactions. For instance, the bond breakage of certain molecules can lead to the generation of highly reactive species with unpaired electrons, referred to as free radicals.
Step 4
State the name given to this step in the chain reaction.
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The step in the chain reaction involving the reaction of hydroxyl free radicals with fatty acids is referred to as propagation. This step involves the formation of a radical species, which can further propagate the reaction.
Step 5
State how free radical scavengers prevent further chain reactions.
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Free radical scavengers, such as vitamin E, can react with free radicals to form stable molecules, thus terminating the chain reaction. They can donate electrons or provide alternative pathways for the free radicals to pair with unpaired electrons, reducing their reactivity.
Step 6
Circle a peptide link in the above structure.
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Answer
In the structure of palmitoyl pentapeptide-4, the peptide link can be identified as the bond between the carbonyl group of one amino acid and the amine group of another, typically represented as -CONH-.
Step 7
Draw a structural formula for the amino acid serine.
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The structural formula for serine is:
HO
|
H2N-C-COOH
|
H
This representation shows the hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the carbon atom, characteristic of serine.
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