6. Skin creams contain many different chemicals - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 6 - 2018
Question 6
6. Skin creams contain many different chemicals.
(a) Retinol (vitamin A) promotes cell regeneration.
One method of supplying retinol to the skin is by using a skin ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:6. Skin creams contain many different chemicals - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 6 - 2018
Step 1
Name the type of reaction that occurs when retinyl palmitate is broken down to form retinol.
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Answer
The type of reaction that occurs when retinyl palmitate is broken down to form retinol is called hydrolysis.
Step 2
Write a molecular formula for retinol.
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The molecular formula for retinol is (C_{20}H_{30}O).
Step 3
Describe how free radicals are formed.
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Free radicals are formed by the breaking of chemical bonds in molecules, often due to the influence of ultraviolet (UV) light or other initiating reactions. For example, when a molecule loses an electron, it becomes a free radical, which is highly reactive and can lead to chain reactions.
Step 4
State the name given to this step in the chain reaction.
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The name given to this step in the chain reaction is propagation.
Step 5
State how free radical scavengers prevent further chain reactions.
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Free radical scavengers prevent further chain reactions by reacting with free radicals to form stable molecules. They can donate electrons to free radicals or provide electrons to pair with unpaired electrons, thus neutralizing their reactivity.
Step 6
Circle a peptide link in the above structure.
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The peptide link in the structure can be identified as the bond between the amine group (–NH) of one amino acid and the carboxyl group (–COOH) of another, denoted as –CONH–.
Step 7
Draw a structural formula for the amino acid serine.
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The structural formula for serine is:
HO
|
H2N–C–C(OH)(CH3)
|
H
This structure illustrates the amino group (–NH2), the hydroxyl group (–OH), and the rest of the carbon skeleton.
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