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Atoms of different elements have different attractions for bonding electrons - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 3 - 2022
Question 3
Atoms of different elements have different attractions for bonding electrons. Electronegativity is a measure of the attraction an atom involved in a bond has for the... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Atoms of different elements have different attractions for bonding electrons - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 3 - 2022
Step 1
Discuss the importance of electronegativity in bonding
Answer
Electronegativity plays a crucial role in determining the type of bond formed between two atoms, whether ionic or covalent. In ionic bonds, a significant difference in electronegativity between the two atoms results in one atom completely transferring an electron to the other, creating charged ions. In covalent bonds, the difference in electronegativity affects the distribution of electrons, leading to polar or nonpolar covalent bonds. This can impact molecular geometry and reactivity.
Step 2
Discuss the importance of electronegativity in structure
Answer
The electronegativity of atoms influences the arrangement of atoms within a molecule. For instance, in water (H₂O), oxygen's higher electronegativity compared to hydrogen results in a bent molecular structure due to uneven distribution of electron density. This structure, in turn, affects the compound's overall polarity and interaction with other molecules.
Step 3
Discuss the importance of electronegativity in properties of compounds
Answer
The electronegativity values of the constituent elements affect the physical and chemical properties of compounds. For instance, compounds formed from highly electronegative elements tend to have higher boiling and melting points due to stronger intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding. Additionally, electronegativity differences influence solubility, acidity, and reactivity patterns of compounds.