Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 9 - 2018
Question 9
Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene.
(a) The flow chart of an industrial process to produce ethane-1,2-diol is shown.
(i) Industrial processes are designed to ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Ethane-1,2-diol can be made from ethene - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 9 - 2018
Step 1
Using the flowchart, suggest two ways to maximise profit in this industrial process.
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Answer
Recycle waste gases to minimize raw material costs.
Use a catalyst to increase reaction efficiency and reduce energy requirements.
Step 2
Name the process used in Separator 2 to separate ethane-1,2-diol from the larger liquid by-products.
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Answer
Fractional distillation.
Step 3
Explain fully why ethane-1,2-diol is more viscous than propan-1-ol.
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Answer
Ethane-1,2-diol has more hydroxyl groups compared to propan-1-ol, leading to stronger hydrogen bonding between molecules. This results in increased viscosity.
Step 4
Draw a structural formula for a diol that contains three carbon atoms.
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Answer
A possible structure is:
HO CH3
| |
H-C - C - OH
| |
H H
Step 5
Describe the procedure which should be used to prepare 100 cm³ of the 20% ethanol solution.
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Answer
Use a pipette to accurately measure 20 cm³ of ethanol.
Transfer the ethanol into a 100 cm³ volumetric flask.
Add distilled water to the flask until the total volume reaches the 100 cm³ mark.
Step 6
Calculate the total volume, in cm³, of the 20% ethanol solution needed to treat a 3-5 kg animal.
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Answer
To find the total volume needed:
For a 3.5 kg animal:
Total volume = 3.5 kg × 5 cm³/kg = 17.5 cm³.
Step 7
Draw a structural formula for another possible product of oxidation of ethane-1,2-diol.
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Answer
A possible structure for a product like glyoxylic acid is:
O
||
HO-C-H
|\
H H
Step 8
Give a formula for sodium glycolate.
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Answer
The formula for sodium glycolate is NaC2H3O3.
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