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The Global Fund estimates that, if fully financed, it will reduce cases of Malaria by 25% and cut deaths from Malaria by 43% by 2023 - Scottish Highers Geography - Question 2 - 2023
Question 2
The Global Fund estimates that, if fully financed, it will reduce cases of Malaria by 25% and cut deaths from Malaria by 43% by 2023. Commonwealth Malaria Report 201... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The Global Fund estimates that, if fully financed, it will reduce cases of Malaria by 25% and cut deaths from Malaria by 43% by 2023 - Scottish Highers Geography - Question 2 - 2023
Step 1
a) describe, in detail, the strategies used to manage the disease
Answer
To manage water-related diseases, several strategies can be employed:
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Vector Control: This includes using insecticides and pesticides to reduce the populations of disease-carrying vectors, such as mosquitoes. For instance, spraying insecticides in and around homes can minimize the chances of disease transmission.
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Water Treatment: Implementing methods such as chlorination or filtration helps ensure that drinking water is free from pathogens, thereby preventing waterborne diseases.
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Health Education: Educating communities about the importance of hygiene, sanitation, and the avoidance of stagnant water sources can drastically reduce infection rates. Community awareness programs are essential in promoting preventive measures.
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Vaccination: Where applicable, immunization against specific water-related diseases (e.g., cholera or hepatitis A) can significantly lower the incidence of these diseases in communities.
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Surveillance: Continuous monitoring and reporting of disease cases help in quick intervention and public health responses, thereby controlling the spread of diseases.
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Access to Sanitation Facilities: Providing adequate sanitation and waste disposal systems reduces the pollution of water sources, minimizing disease spread.
Step 2
b) comment on the effectiveness of these strategies
Answer
The effectiveness of the strategies used to manage water-related diseases varies, but many have shown positive outcomes:
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Vector Control: This strategy is quite effective in reducing disease transmission rates. However, resistance to insecticides can diminish its long-term effectiveness, requiring constant adaptation of methods.
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Water Treatment: Treatments like chlorination are proven to be effective in eliminating pathogens. However, access to clean water remains a challenge in many regions, which can undermine these efforts.
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Health Education: Community education is crucial. Its effectiveness is evident in reduced infection rates when communities actively engage in preventive measures. Nonetheless, this strategy depends on community participation and the sustainability of awareness campaigns.
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Vaccination: Vaccines have demonstrated effectiveness in preventing outbreaks of waterborne diseases, significantly improving community health. However, issues with vaccine uptake and storage can limit success.
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Surveillance: Effective in ensuring timely responses, continuous surveillance is key to managing outbreaks. However, it requires resources and infrastructure that may not always be available in lower-income regions.
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Access to Sanitation Facilities: This significantly reduces disease transmission. Nevertheless, investments in infrastructure are often lacking, which can slow progress in curb water-related diseases.
In summary, while each strategy has its merits, their effectiveness is often contingent upon local conditions, resources, and community engagement.