Look at Diagram Q5.
Waterfalls are commonly found in the upper course of rivers.
Explain the formation of a waterfall.
You may wish to use an annotated diagram or... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Look at Diagram Q5 - Scottish Highers Geography - Question 5 - 2019
Step 1
Hydraulic Action
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Answer
Hydraulic action is a significant process in the formation of a waterfall. It occurs when moving water exerts pressure against the river banks and bed. As the water flows over the edge, it compresses the air in the cracks, allowing the water to erode the rock material with greater force.
Step 2
Abrasion
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Abrasion happens when loose rocks are carried by the river flow and strike against the river bed and banks. This action erodes the rock further and can create deeper pools in the plunge area of the waterfall.
Step 3
Solution
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Solution refers to the chemical weathering of rocks in the river, especially if they contain soluble minerals. This process can gradually wear away the rock surface.
Step 4
Undercutting
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The waterfall also forms through undercutting. As a result of continual erosion, the base of the waterfall becomes more vulnerable, causing the overhanging rocks to become unsupported. Eventually, these rocks may collapse, leading to the formation of a plunge pool at the base of the waterfall.
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