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To what extent was the British policy of appeasement the main reason for the aggressive nature of the foreign policies of Germany and Italy in the 1930s? - Scottish Highers History - Question 37 - 2019
Question 37
To what extent was the British policy of appeasement the main reason for the aggressive nature of the foreign policies of Germany and Italy in the 1930s?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent was the British policy of appeasement the main reason for the aggressive nature of the foreign policies of Germany and Italy in the 1930s? - Scottish Highers History - Question 37 - 2019
Step 1
British policy of appeasement
Answer
The British policy of appeasement aimed to address the grievances of post-World War I Germany and Italy, believed to be the root of their aggressive foreign policies. Initially, Britain sought to avoid conflict by allowing Germany to reoccupy the Rhineland and later munched along with Italy, with the hope that this would satisfy their expansionist ambitions.
Britain's reluctance to confront these actions led to increased militarization in both countries, as Germany and Italy perceived Britain's inaction as weakness. Consequently, Hitler and Mussolini felt empowered to pursue their aggressive agendas with greater confidence.
Step 2
Other factors influencing aggression
Answer
While British appeasement played a significant role, other factors contributed to the aggressiveness of Germany and Italy’s foreign policies.
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Treaty of Versailles: The harsh penalties imposed on Germany after World War I fostered resentment and revisionist ambitions among its leaders. The sense of injustice regarding limitations imposed by the treaty motivated Germany to seek revision and restoration of lost territories.
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Economic issues: The Great Depression significantly impacted both nations. Economic instability prompted aggressive foreign policies as a means of national rejuvenation, particularly in Germany under Hitler.
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Weakness of the League of Nations: The inability of the League to effectively address conflicts and enforce disarmament contributed to the boldness of aggressive nations. The failure of the League to intervene decisively in the Abyssinian crisis emboldened Italy and indicated a lack of commitment to stopping Italian expansion.
Step 3
Conclusion
Answer
In conclusion, while the British policy of appeasement was a major contributing factor to the aggressive foreign policies of Germany and Italy in the 1930s, it was not the sole reason. The interplay of other significant factors such as the Treaty of Versailles, economic crises, and the weakness of the League of Nations also played critical roles in shaping the aggressive posture of these nations.