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The invasion of Poland was the main reason for the outbreak of war in 1939 - Scottish Highers History - Question 52 - 2023
Question 52
The invasion of Poland was the main reason for the outbreak of war in 1939. How valid is this view?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The invasion of Poland was the main reason for the outbreak of war in 1939 - Scottish Highers History - Question 52 - 2023
Step 1
Evaluate the statement: The invasion of Poland was the main reason for the outbreak of war in 1939.
Answer
To evaluate the validity of this statement, it is important to consider the broader context leading to the outbreak of World War II. The invasion of Poland by Germany on September 1, 1939, is often viewed as the immediate trigger that prompted Britain and France to declare war on Germany. However, this event did not occur in isolation.
Several factors contributed to the outbreak of war:
- Treaty of Versailles: The harsh conditions imposed on Germany after World War I fostered resentment and a desire for revision. Adolf Hitler capitalized on this sentiment.
- Expansionist Policies: Germany, Italy, and Japan were involved in aggressive territorial expansions during the 1930s, indicating a broader trend towards conflict.
- Failure of the League of Nations: The inability of the League to address international aggression set a precedent that allowed countries to act without fear of repercussions.
- Appeasement: The policy of appeasement adopted by Britain and France towards Hitler's early aggressions (like the reoccupation of the Rhineland and the annexation of Austria) emboldened him.
In summary, while the invasion of Poland was a significant catalyst for the war, it was part of a series of interconnected events and policies that led to WWII.
Step 2
Analyze other contributing factors.
Answer
Apart from the invasion of Poland, several other critical factors can be considered:
- Nazi-Soviet Pact: The non-aggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union in August 1939 set the stage for both nations to invade Poland without fear of mutual conflict.
- Economic instability: The Great Depression had widespread effects on economies around the world, leading to political instability and the rise of militaristic regimes.
- Military Alliances: Previous treaties and alliances, such as those between Germany and Italy (the Axis Powers), contributed to the war’s onset.
These elements illustrate that while the invasion of Poland was pivotal, it was not the sole reason for the war's outbreak.