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How important was the lack of reliable allies in explaining the reasons for the British policy of appeasement, 1936-38? - Scottish Highers History - Question 53 - 2018
Question 53
How important was the lack of reliable allies in explaining the reasons for the British policy of appeasement, 1936-38?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:How important was the lack of reliable allies in explaining the reasons for the British policy of appeasement, 1936-38? - Scottish Highers History - Question 53 - 2018
Step 1
Lack of reliable allies
Answer
The lack of reliable allies was a significant factor in the British policy of appeasement, particularly in the context of the post-World War I landscape. At that time, the failure of the League of Nations to effectively manage conflicts and disarmament left Britain feeling isolated. Britain found itself in a precarious position, where its potential allies, such as France, were deemed unreliable due to internal political issues. This uncertainty about their commitments made Britain hesitant to confront aggressor states like Nazi Germany.
Step 2
Economic difficulties
Answer
The economic challenges faced by Britain after the Great Depression played a crucial role in shaping its foreign policy. Economic constraints limited military capabilities and made the prospect of confrontations with powerful nations like Germany less appealing. The British government was aware that increasing military spending was not feasible without economic stability, which reinforced the policy of appeasement as a means to avoid further conflict.
Step 3
Attitudes to the Paris Peace Settlement
Answer
The general sentiment regarding the Paris Peace Settlement influenced British foreign policy. Many politicians believed the settlement unfairly punished Germany, contributing to a sense of sympathy among some sectors of British society. This viewpoint often led to calls for a more conciliatory approach rather than a confrontational stance against Germany.
Step 4
Public opinion
Answer
Public opinion in Britain, shaped by the memories of World War I, heavily favored avoiding another conflict. The traumatic experiences of the previous war created a widespread desire for peace, which the government felt compelled to respect. This public sentiment was a driving force behind appeasement, as leaders like Neville Chamberlain were influenced by the war-weariness of the population.
Step 5
Beliefs of Chamberlain
Answer
Neville Chamberlain's personal beliefs and approach to foreign policy after 1937 were instrumental in the continuation of the appeasement strategy. Chamberlain genuinely believed that issues could be resolved through negotiations rather than military action. His steadfast commitment to this viewpoint limited the scope for a more assertive policy that could have sought alliances against potential aggressors.