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King John of England successfully increased royal authority - Scottish Highers History - Question 4 - 2022
Question 4
King John of England successfully increased royal authority. How valid is this view?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:King John of England successfully increased royal authority - Scottish Highers History - Question 4 - 2022
Step 1
Taxation: Was John more efficient in collecting taxes?
Answer
King John implemented more efficient ways of collecting taxes, such as introducing the 'scutage' tax. This method alleviated the need for knights to serve in the military, allowing him to raise funds more effectively. However, he also faced discontent from barons as these taxes were perceived as burdensome and were not always spent judiciously.
Step 2
John's Governance: Did he manage to stabilize his rule?
Answer
John attempted to instill royal authority by consolidating power. While he developed a reputation for being able to manage his domain, his heavy-handed methods, such as arbitrary imprisonment and intolerance to dissent, led to widespread resentment among his subjects, questioning the stability of his rule.
Step 3
Relations with the Church: How did John handle ecclesiastical authority?
Answer
John's conflicts with the Church, particularly the appointment of the Archbishop of Canterbury, highlighted his struggles with external authority. His defiance alienated many supporters and reduced his credibility, as he excommunicated certain figures who opposed him, which further weakened his royal authority.
Step 4
Military Engagements: Was his military strategy successful?
Answer
John faced significant challenges in military engagements against both the French and his own barons. His failures, including the loss at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214, reflected poorly on his leadership and diminished his ability to assert dominance over his subjects.
Step 5
Overall Assessment: How valid is the view that John increased royal authority?
Answer
In conclusion, while King John may have taken steps to increase royal authority through taxation and military strategies, the overall effectiveness of his reign is marred by conflict, discontent, and failures against both internal and external adversaries. His inability to maintain loyal relations with his barons and the Church ultimately undermined any achievements in expanding royal power.