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To what extent was there a growth of nationalism in Italy, up to 1850? Despite the Vienna Settlement returning Italy to a system of separate states, each under its own ruler and system of government, there is evidence to suggest that nationalism was steadily growing in Italy during the period 1815 to 1850 - Scottish Highers History - Question 43 - 2018
Question 43
To what extent was there a growth of nationalism in Italy, up to 1850? Despite the Vienna Settlement returning Italy to a system of separate states, each under its ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent was there a growth of nationalism in Italy, up to 1850? Despite the Vienna Settlement returning Italy to a system of separate states, each under its own ruler and system of government, there is evidence to suggest that nationalism was steadily growing in Italy during the period 1815 to 1850 - Scottish Highers History - Question 43 - 2018
Step 1
Supporters of nationalism — educated middle class
Answer
The educated middle class played a significant role in promoting nationalism in Italy after 1815. As political ideas began to spread, these individuals were inspired by the French Revolution and sought a unified Italy. Key figures such as Giuseppe Mazzini emerged, advocating for a national state and increased patriotism among Italians.
Step 2
Liberal movements
Answer
Liberal movements among the bourgeoisie also contributed to the growth of nationalism. These groups aimed for greater political freedom and were instrumental in pushing forward programs for educational reform and industrial growth, which in turn helped create a sense of national identity.
Step 3
Popular sentiment
Answer
Grassroots support for nationalism grew as many Italians began to identify as citizens of a potential Italian nation. Mazzini's 'Young Italy' emphasized the importance of social action and national consciousness, which attracted support from the middle class and some segments of the peasantry.
Step 4
Opposition from Austria and local rulers
Answer
Despite the growth of nationalist sentiment, significant obstacles remained. Austria maintained strong influence over various Italian states, quelling revolutionary movements and ensuring that traditional allegiances to local rulers persisted, undermining the nationalist movement's successes.
Step 5
The failures of the revolutions of 1848
Answer
The revolutions across Italy in 1848 highlighted both the aspirations and challenges of nationalist movements. While there was widespread support for change, the lack of organization and unity among revolutionary factions led to successive failures, reinforcing the power of Austria and local rulers.
Step 6
Conclusion
Answer
In conclusion, while there was indeed a growth of nationalism in Italy up to 1850, it faced significant setbacks. The middle class and liberal factions fostered a sense of national identity, but Austrian control and internal divisions ultimately undermined their efforts, leaving Italy fragmented and subject to external dominance.