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To what extent was the security of the Tsarist state challenged in the years before 1905? - Scottish Highers History - Question 31 - 2019
Question 31
To what extent was the security of the Tsarist state challenged in the years before 1905?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent was the security of the Tsarist state challenged in the years before 1905? - Scottish Highers History - Question 31 - 2019
Step 1
Tsar's Authority and Divine Right
Answer
The Tsar, Nicholas II, ruled Russia at a time when he believed in the divine right of kings. His authority was seen as ordained by God, which meant that any challenges to his rule were viewed as not only political threats but also spiritual ones. The reliance on this belief allowed the Tsar to dismiss many genuine grievances from the population.
Step 2
Opposition from Peasants and Workers
Answer
Throughout this period, the security of the Tsarist state was increasingly challenged by the unrest of peasants and workers. Economic hardships and lack of political representation led to uprisings, strikes, and protests. In some cases, workers organized themselves into unions, which posed a direct challenge to the Tsar's authority as they sought to improve their working conditions.
Step 3
Role of the Army and Okhrana
Answer
The Army was crucial in maintaining the Tsar's security; however, there were instances where soldiers sympathized with the people they were meant to control. The Okhrana, the secret police, was dedicated to suppressing dissent. Nonetheless, their methods sometimes backfired, leading to public discontent and a loss of faith in the monarchy.
Step 4
Rusification Policies
Answer
The Tsarist regime's efforts to implement Russification policies aimed at assimilating national minorities created significant backlash. By enforcing the dominance of Russian language and culture, the state alienated various ethnic groups, resulting in uprisings and a challenge to the Tsar's rule from these regions.
Step 5
Censorship and Control
Answer
The Tsarist government imposed strict censorship laws to maintain control over society. While aimed at suppressing opposition, these measures fueled discontent among the intelligentsia and spurred revolutionary ideas. Writers and critics who opposed the regime found ways to circumvent censorship, spreading dissent among the populace.
Step 6
Impact of the 1905 Revolution
Answer
The culmination of these challenges led to the 1905 Revolution, where various factions united against the Tsar. This uprising highlighted the extent of the discontent and ultimately forced the Tsar to make concessions, such as the establishment of the Duma, which indicated a significant challenge to his once absolute authority.