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To what extent was the role of Tsarina Alexandra the main reason for the February Revolution, 1917? - Scottish Highers History - Question 43 - 2022
Question 43
To what extent was the role of Tsarina Alexandra the main reason for the February Revolution, 1917?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent was the role of Tsarina Alexandra the main reason for the February Revolution, 1917? - Scottish Highers History - Question 43 - 2022
Step 1
Role of Tsarina Alexandra
Answer
Tsarina Alexandra played a significant role in the deterioration of the Tsarist regime. Her strong influence over Tsar Nicholas II and her reputed belief in mysticism, particularly through her association with Rasputin, alienated many within the political elite and the public. As Nicholas increasingly delegated responsibilities to Alexandra, her unpopular decisions—including the appointment of ministers who were perceived as incompetent—further eroded support for the monarchy.
Additionally, Alexandra's nationalistic impulses during the war, combined with her disregard for public sentiment, contributed to widespread dissatisfaction. Many viewed her as a foreigner (due to her German background), which heightened suspicions and resentment against the ruling family.
Consequently, her prominence within the government and the crisis surrounding the war exacerbated tensions that eventually culminated in the February Revolution.
Step 2
Role of Tsar Nicholas II
Answer
Tsar Nicholas II’s own shortcomings presented a fundamental challenge to his leadership. His inability to effectively manage the war effort and communicate with the populace fostered a growing sense of discontent. Nicholas's decision to assume command of the military in 1915 meant he bore direct responsibility for the war's failures, which tarnished his reputation.
Moreover, Nicholas's disconnect from the needs and grievances of the Russian people contributed significantly to the unrest, as his focus remained on retaining autocratic power rather than addressing the economic and social issues that plagued the nation.
Step 3
Wider Discontent
Answer
By early 1917, the general dissatisfaction among the working classes regarding conditions at home and in the wartime economy had reached a boiling point. Strikes and protests became more frequent as people organized demonstrations against food shortages, poor wages, and inhumane working conditions. This collective discontent ultimately formed the backdrop against which Alexis's influence and Nicholas's misrule were critically evaluated.
Step 4
Impact of the War
Answer
The ongoing World War I severely strained Russia's economy and exacerbated social tensions. Casualty rates soared, military failures were prevalent, and resources dwindled, leading to widespread frustration. The severe hardships and loss of faith in the Tsar's leadership ultimately catalyzed revolutionary sentiment among the populace. As public opinion shifted against the imperial family, it became clear that both Alexandra's role and Nicholas's leadership failures were significant in precipitating the revolution.