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To what extent was the legacy of James I the main reason for the outbreak of civil war in England? Context: The English Civil War lasted from 1642 to 1649 - Scottish Highers History - Question 20 - 2018
Question 20
To what extent was the legacy of James I the main reason for the outbreak of civil war in England? Context: The English Civil War lasted from 1642 to 1649. It was f... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent was the legacy of James I the main reason for the outbreak of civil war in England? Context: The English Civil War lasted from 1642 to 1649 - Scottish Highers History - Question 20 - 2018
Step 1
Legacy of James I
Answer
James I's reign set the stage for significant tensions between the monarchy and Parliament. His advocacy for the Divine Right of Kings led to conflicts over power and governance. The puritan inclination against his religious policies, which included favoring anti-Puritan bishops, fostered resentment among Parliament members. Furthermore, his financial policies, including the controversial Ship Money tax, bred unrest and opposition. The perception that James I's legacy created an overreach of royal power contributed directly to the civil strife.
Step 2
Economic Issues
Answer
Economic grievances were significant factors in the outbreak of civil war. Under Charles I, the enforcement of ship money and reliance on irregular taxation highlighted the tensions inherited from James I. The financial independence sought by the monarchy directly opposed the interests of Parliament, creating friction that fueled conflict.
Step 3
Religious Issues
Answer
James I's legacy influenced religious tensions, particularly with regards to Puritan demands for reforms. The imposition of religious policies, such as the Book of Common Prayer during Charles' reign, led to significant resistance from Puritans and further entrenched divisions, ultimately contributing to the civil war.
Step 4
Political Issues
Answer
The political landscape, also shaped by James I’s decisions, saw an increasingly assertive Parliament challenge royal authority. Charles I’s alliances with individuals like the Duke of Buckingham and his disregard for parliamentary consent inherited from James I sowed discord, setting the stage for civil imbalance.
Step 5
Scottish Matters
Answer
James I's policies regarding Scotland and the subsequent issues faced by Charles I with the Scots only intensified discontent. The Covenanting movement and reactions to Charles’s attempts to enforce religious uniformity created further polarization and passages towards war.
Step 6
Events between 1640-42
Answer
The events leading up to the civil war, particularly between 1640 and 1642, can be traced back to the governance issues established during James I's reign. The failure to effectively manage relations with Parliament during Charles I's rule, especially in light of the Long Parliament's establishment, illustrates the lingering effects of his father's legacy.