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The outbreak of war was the main reason for the failure of the constitutional monarchy, 1789–92 - Scottish Highers History - Question 38 - 2018
Question 38
The outbreak of war was the main reason for the failure of the constitutional monarchy, 1789–92. How valid is this view?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The outbreak of war was the main reason for the failure of the constitutional monarchy, 1789–92 - Scottish Highers History - Question 38 - 2018
Step 1
The outbreak of war: Assessing its impact
Answer
The outbreak of the war in 1792 escalated political tensions, fundamentally undermining the position of the constitutional monarchy. The French government's decision to declare war on Austria marked a turning point, indicating a significant shift from political debate to military conflict.
The war was radicalized, and the monarchy's role was compromised as the forces opposing the monarchy gained momentum. As a consequence, various factions, including the Jacobins and Girondists, became more visible in the political landscape as they rallied against the perceived threats from abroad.
Thus, while the outbreak of war was a critical factor in the failure of the constitutional monarchy, it was not the sole reason.
Step 2
Other contributing factors
Answer
Several internal factors contributed significantly to the downfall of the constitutional monarchy beyond the war's outbreak.
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The King's Attitudes and Actions: King Louis XVI exhibited a lack of commitment to the new constitutional framework. His hesitance to endorse the Declaration of the Rights of Man revealed a reluctance to surrender absolutist tendencies. Moreover, his use of the royal veto and dependence on the support of foreign monarchies eroded public trust.
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Weaknesses in the Constitution and Government: The constitution created tensions within the Legislative Assembly, as initiatives to limit the monarchy's power clashed with the king's insistence on maintaining authority. These weaknesses exacerbated the crisis.
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Financial Problems: Prior to 1789, the French economy was in turmoil, with significant debts and tax disparities causing further unrest among the populace. Economic struggles intensified discontent, undermining the monarchy's ability to govern effectively.
Step 3
Conclusion: Validity of the view
Answer
In conclusion, while the outbreak of war was a significant catalyst for the failure of the constitutional monarchy, it cannot be viewed in isolation. The confluence of Louis XVI's actions, constitutional weaknesses, and financial difficulties collectively led to a fragile political environment.
Thus, the view that the outbreak of war was the main reason for the failure of the constitutional monarchy holds some validity, but must be contextualized within a broader spectrum of interconnected issues.