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The New Deal was effective in solving America's problems in the 1930s - Scottish Highers History - Question 51 - 2018
Question 51
The New Deal was effective in solving America's problems in the 1930s. How valid is this view?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The New Deal was effective in solving America's problems in the 1930s - Scottish Highers History - Question 51 - 2018
Step 1
Context and Overview
Answer
The Great Depression was a critical moment in American history that necessitated a robust governmental response. Franklin D. Roosevelt initiated the New Deal, which aimed to provide relief, recovery, and reform to millions affected by economic turmoil. There is a significant debate over the effectiveness of the New Deal in addressing these pressing issues.
Step 2
The First New Deal (1933-34)
Answer
The initial phase of the New Deal introduced a variety of programs and agencies crucial for immediate relief. Programs like the Public Works Administration (PWA) not only created jobs but also improved infrastructure. Additionally, measures like the Economic Act reduced state expenditures, aiming to stabilize the economy. By the end of 1933, while challenges remained, there was evidence of improved economic conditions, with a notable rise in agricultural production.
Step 3
The Second New Deal (1935-36)
Answer
This phase introduced measures aimed at long-term reform and job creation. Key legislations included the Wagner Act, which empowered workers to unionize, dismantling previous restrictions by employers. The Social Security Act also established a safety net for the elderly and other vulnerable populations. These initiatives played a vital role in institutionalizing the federal government's responsibility towards economic welfare.
Step 4
Role of the Federal Government
Answer
The New Deal fundamentally transformed the perception of the government's role in society and the economy. It faced opposition, particularly from conservative factions, but ultimately expanded the federal government's influence over daily life and business practices. This shift was critical for future policies and paved the way for the welfare state.
Step 5
Economic Effects of the New Deal
Answer
Debates continue about the actual economic impact of the New Deal. Some historians assert that it played a crucial role in surmounting the Depression, as indicated by recovery trends post-1937. However, others argue that the New Deal merely slowed the economic decline, with significant recovery only occurring following the onset of World War II, which dramatically boosted industrial production.
Step 6
Conclusion
Answer
In conclusion, while the New Deal's effectiveness can be contested, it undeniably laid the groundwork for modern America and altered the landscape of federal governance. Its success can be seen in the regulations it set forth and the lasting legacy of social programs established during this period.