The diagram represents a mitochondrion from a cell - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 6 - 2022
Question 6
The diagram represents a mitochondrion from a cell.
(a) (i) Name the region of the mitochondrion labelled X.
(ii) Name the stage of respiration that occurs at the ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The diagram represents a mitochondrion from a cell - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 6 - 2022
Step 1
Name the region of the mitochondrion labelled X.
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Answer
Matrix
Step 2
Name the stage of respiration that occurs at the inner membrane.
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Answer
Electron transport chain
Step 3
Explain why this mitochondrion can synthesise proteins.
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Answer
This mitochondrion contains ribosomes, which are the site of protein synthesis or translation. Additionally, it has its own DNA, which can be transcribed into mRNA to help form proteins.
Step 4
Suggest why muscle is one of the main tissues affected by mitochondrial disease.
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Answer
Muscle tissue contains many mitochondria, which are essential for energy production. Mitochondrial disease impacts energy availability in these tissues.
Step 5
Name the type of muscle fibre most likely to be affected by mitochondrial disease.
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Answer
Slow twitch
Step 6
Explain why some individuals with mitochondrial disease are unable to carry out endurance activities such as long distance running.
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Answer
Individuals with mitochondrial disease do not produce enough ATP. This results from a lack of efficient aerobic respiration, leading to muscle fatigue and an inability to sustain endurance activities.
Step 7
Suggest the function of this enzyme in unaffected individuals.
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Answer
It converts lactate to pyruvate, or it converts pyruvate into acetyl/ acetyl-CoA.
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