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The diagram represents glycolysis and the metabolic pathway which synthesises lactic acid - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 1 - 2018
Question 1
The diagram represents glycolysis and the metabolic pathway which synthesises lactic acid. a) (i) State where glycolysis occurs within a cell. _________________ (... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The diagram represents glycolysis and the metabolic pathway which synthesises lactic acid - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 1 - 2018
Step 1
Step 2
Describe what happens during the energy investment phase of glycolysis.
Answer
During the energy investment phase of glycolysis, two ATP molecules are used to phosphorylate glucose. This initial investment prepares the glucose molecule for further breakdown, enhancing its instability and facilitating its conversion into more reactive intermediates.
Step 4
Explain the importance of the regeneration of NAD for glycolysis.
Answer
The regeneration of NAD is crucial for glycolysis as it enables the continuation of the glycolytic pathway. Without sufficient NAD, glycolysis cannot proceed, leading to a halt in ATP production, which is essential for cellular energy. This regeneration occurs during lactic acid fermentation, allowing glucose breakdown to continue even in anaerobic conditions.
Step 5
State the reason why muscle cells produce lactic acid during vigorous exercise.
Answer
Muscle cells produce lactic acid during vigorous exercise because of insufficient oxygen supply. Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted into lactic acid to regenerate NAD, allowing glycolysis to continue and provide ATP rapidly to meet high energy demands.