The diagram represents the flow of information through memory - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 8 - 2018

Information can be lost from short-term memory due to its limited capacity, often referred to as the capacity span. The short-term memory can typically hold only 5 to 9 pieces of information at a time. When new information is introduced, it can displace older information, leading to memory loss.

Apart from rehearsal, information can be transferred from short-term to long-term memory by organizing the information into categories or related groups. This method helps create meaningful connections, making it easier to retain the information.

Contextual cues facilitate the retrieval of information by providing triggers related to the circumstances, conditions, or stimuli present when the memory was formed. For instance, being in the same environment or experiencing similar sensory input can prompt the recollection of stored memories.

Semantic memories are primarily stored in the cerebrum or cerebral cortex of the brain. This region is essential for processing and consolidating factual information and concepts.