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The diagram represents stages of an enzyme-catalysed reaction - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 2 - 2023
Question 2
The diagram represents stages of an enzyme-catalysed reaction. (i) Use the diagram to explain why this reaction can be described as catabolic. (ii) The diagram sho... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The diagram represents stages of an enzyme-catalysed reaction - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 2 - 2023
Step 1
Use the diagram to explain why this reaction can be described as catabolic.
Answer
This reaction can be described as catabolic because it involves the breakdown of a larger molecule (substrate) into smaller molecules (products). In catabolism, complex substances are simplified, releasing energy in the process.
Step 2
Describe what happens during induced fit.
Answer
During induced fit, the active site of the enzyme undergoes a conformational change upon binding with the substrate. This change allows the active site to better accommodate the substrate, resulting in a more efficient catalytic action and facilitating the conversion into products.
Step 3
Explain why the products leave the active site.
Answer
The products leave the active site because they typically possess a lower affinity or attraction to the active site compared to the substrate. After the reaction, the products may no longer fit the active site effectively, allowing them to be released and enabling the enzyme to be reused.
Step 4
Using information from the graph, suggest why a tyrosine concentration of 5 mg/cm³ is used in the commercial production of L-dopa.
Answer
A tyrosine concentration of 5 mg/cm³ is used in commercial production because it is the lowest concentration needed to achieve the maximum or highest concentration (~0.010 mg/cm³) of L-dopa. Concentrations above this level do not increase L-dopa production, ensuring efficient use of resources.
Step 5
Suggest why end-products are removed during production processes.
Answer
End-products are often removed during production processes to prevent feedback inhibition. A high concentration of the end product can inhibit the enzyme activity, slowing down the reaction rate. Additionally, removing the products drives the reaction forward, facilitating the continued production of the desired product.