A man had a glucose tolerance test to indicate if he had type 2 diabetes - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 9 - 2019
Question 9
A man had a glucose tolerance test to indicate if he had type 2 diabetes.
The graph shows changes in the concentrations of glucose and insulin in his blood during 1... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:A man had a glucose tolerance test to indicate if he had type 2 diabetes - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 9 - 2019
Step 1
State the man’s blood insulin concentration when his blood glucose concentration was 200 mg/100 cm³.
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Answer
The man’s blood insulin concentration when his blood glucose concentration was 200 mg/100 cm³ is 300 units/litre.
Step 2
Predict how much longer this will take after 150 minutes.
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It will take approximately 120 minutes for the man’s blood glucose concentration to return to its original value.
Step 3
Calculate the total mass of glucose in his bloodstream at 60 minutes.
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At 60 minutes, the glucose concentration is about 250 mg/100 cm³. Since the man has 5 litres of blood, we can calculate the total mass of glucose using the formula:
Explain why production of insulin did not lower his blood glucose concentration in the first hour of the test.
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The production of insulin did not lower the blood glucose concentration in the first hour because the cells are less sensitive to insulin, meaning they cannot uptake glucose effectively. Additionally, the insulin receptors may be desensitized, impairing the body's response to insulin.
Step 5
Suggest one reason why this man’s blood glucose concentration started to decrease after 60 minutes.
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One reason why the man’s blood glucose concentration started to decrease after 60 minutes is that the body is starting to utilize the glucose for energy through various metabolic processes.
Step 6
Describe evidence from the graph that indicates this man does not have type 1 diabetes.
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The graph shows that this man has a significant insulin response despite high blood glucose levels, indicating that he can produce insulin, which is evidence that he does not have type 1 diabetes.
Step 7
Apart from reducing the sugar intake in his diet, suggest another way in which this man could control his blood glucose levels.
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Another way this man could control his blood glucose levels is by exercising regularly, which helps improve insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake by the cells.
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