Data from in vitro fertilisation (IVF) clinics is used to indicate how a woman’s age can affect the success rate of IVF - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 7 - 2019
Question 7
Data from in vitro fertilisation (IVF) clinics is used to indicate how a woman’s age can affect the success rate of IVF.
(a) The graph shows the effect of age on pr... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Data from in vitro fertilisation (IVF) clinics is used to indicate how a woman’s age can affect the success rate of IVF - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 7 - 2019
Step 1
State one similarity and one difference in the trends for pregnancy and birth rate.
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Answer
Similarity: Both pregnancy rate and birth rate increase up to the age of 28.
Difference: The pregnancy rate is consistently higher than the birth rate across all ages.
Step 2
Calculate how many 34 year old women in a sample of 1000 would be predicted to get pregnant using IVF.
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Answer
From the graph, the pregnancy rate for 34 year old women is 58%. Therefore, in a sample of 1000 women, the number predicted to get pregnant is:
1000×10058=580
So, 580 women are predicted to get pregnant.
Step 3
Using data in the table and graph, calculate the difference in birth rate for women aged 38 when using donor eggs rather than their own eggs.
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Answer
For women aged 38, the birth rate using donor eggs is 54%, and using their own eggs is 48%. The difference is:
54−48=6%
So, the difference in birth rate is 6%.
Step 4
Suggest why older women undergoing IVF are more likely to produce a child when using donor eggs rather than their own eggs.
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Older women have a lower quantity and quality of eggs, which can decrease their chances of a successful pregnancy. Using donor eggs, which are typically from younger women, increases the likelihood of a successful pregnancy due to better egg viability.
Step 5
Explain why PGD is offered to some women.
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PGD is offered to identify genetic disorders or chromosome abnormalities in the embryos. This helps ensure that embryos free of genetic disorders are selected for implantation, thus reducing the risk of genetic diseases in the offspring.
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