Olfactory genes code for receptors in the nose that detect smells - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 3 - 2018
Question 3
Olfactory genes code for receptors in the nose that detect smells.
The base sequences from the same region of a rat olfactory gene and a human olfactory gene are sh... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Olfactory genes code for receptors in the nose that detect smells - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 3 - 2018
Step 1
Name the type of single gene mutation that has occurred to change the human base sequence.
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Answer
The type of single gene mutation that has occurred is a deletion.
Step 2
Suggest why the changed sequence of bases in the human gene codes for a non-functional protein.
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Answer
The order/sequence of amino acids would change due to the mutation. The protein may be shorter due to the presence of a stop codon.
Step 3
State the term which describes the comparison of human genome sequence data with the genomes of other species.
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Answer
The term is 'systematics'.
Step 4
Express, as a simple whole number ratio, the number of functional olfactory genes found in the animals.
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The ratio is 15 : 5 : 1 for rat : human : chicken.
Step 5
Suggest what the number of functional olfactory genes indicates about the sense of smell of these animals.
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Rats have the best sense of smell because they have the most functional genes/nasal receptors. Chickens have the worst sense of smell because they have the fewest functional genes/nasal receptors.
Step 6
Describe two chromosome structure mutations and the overall consequence of these to the individual.
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Deletion is the loss of part of a chromosome or genes, which can lead to loss of essential functions.
Duplication is the repeat of a part of a chromosome or genes, which can cause overexpression of certain traits or disorders.
These mutations can be lethal or cause significant health issues.
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