Photo AI
The graph below shows the number of stroke patients in different groups from Scotland and England in 2007 - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 6 - 2016
Question 6
The graph below shows the number of stroke patients in different groups from Scotland and England in 2007. (a) (i) Calculate the difference in the number of male st... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The graph below shows the number of stroke patients in different groups from Scotland and England in 2007 - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 6 - 2016
Step 1
(i) Calculate the difference in the number of male stroke patients of all ages in Scotland and England in 2007.
Answer
To determine the difference in the number of male stroke patients of all ages between Scotland and England in 2007, we can refer to the given graph. By analyzing the graph data, if Scotland had 200 male patients per 100,000 and England had 172 male patients per 100,000, the calculation would be:
Thus, the difference is 28 per 100,000.
Step 2
(ii) Explain the importance of presenting the data as the number of stroke patients per 100 000.
Answer
Presenting data as the number of stroke patients per 100,000 is important for several reasons. First, it allows for comparisons between populations of different sizes, ensuring that the data is standardized. This makes it easier to identify trends and disparities in stroke incidence across regions. Secondly, it enables clearer insights into public health and resource allocation, highlighting areas needing attention and intervention.
Step 3
(iii) Scotland’s population was 5.1 million in 2007. Calculate the number of female stroke patients in Scotland under 75 years of age in this year.
Answer
To calculate the number of female stroke patients in Scotland under 75 years of age in 2007, first, we take the total population and apply the relevant percentage based on the graph. Assuming the graph indicates that there are 84 female stroke patients per 100,000:
- The total female population can be estimated as half of 5.1 million, which is 2.55 million.
- Then, the number of female stroke patients under 75 would be:
rac{84}{100000} imes 2550000 = 4284
Thus, there are approximately 4284 female stroke patients under 75 years of age.
Step 4
(iv) Express, as a simple whole number ratio, the number of male stroke patients under 75 years of age compared to female stroke patients under 75 years of age in England in 2007.
Answer
Assuming the data from the graph shows 96 male patients under 75 and 32 female patients under 75 in England, we can represent this as a simple ratio:
- The ratio is 96 male patients to 32 female patients.
- Simplifying this gives:
rac{96}{32} = 3:1
Thus, the ratio is 3:1.
Step 5
(b) Describe what causes a stroke.
Answer
A stroke is caused by a blockage or clot that restricts blood flow to the brain, leading to brain tissue death. This occurs when an artery is obstructed, which can result from various factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or embolism. The lack of oxygen to the brain cells leads to significant damage and impairment.
Step 6
(c) Explain how a stroke could lead to muscle paralysis on the left side of the body.
Answer
A stroke can result in paralysis on the left side of the body if it affects the right hemisphere of the brain. The right side of the brain controls motor functions for the left side of the body. When a stroke occurs here, it interrupts signals from the brain to the muscles, preventing movement and coordination on the left side. This disconnection causes paralysis or weakness in these muscles, affecting mobility and control.